417. Pacific Atlantic Water Flow

Given an m x n matrix of non-negative integers representing the height of each unit cell in a continent, the "Pacific ocean" touches the left and top edges of the matrix and the "Atlantic ocean" touches the right and bottom edges.

Water can only flow in four directions (up, down, left, or right) from a cell to another one with height equal or lower.

Find the list of grid coordinates where water can flow to both the Pacific and Atlantic ocean.

Note:

• The order of returned grid coordinates does not matter.
• Both m and n are less than 150.

Example 1:

Given the following 5 x 5 matrix:

var test = [[1, 2, 2, 3, 5], [3, 2, 3, 4, 4], [2, 4, 5, 3, 1], [6, 7, 1, 4, 5], [5, 1, 1, 2, 4]]

  Pacific ~   ~   ~   ~   ~
       ~  1   2   2   3  (5) *
       ~  3   2   3  (4) (4) *
       ~  2   4  (5)  3   1  *
       ~ (6) (7)  1   4   5  *
       ~ (5)  1   1   2   4  *
          *   *   *   *   * Atlantic

Return:

[[0, 4], [1, 3], [1, 4], [2, 2], [3, 0], [3, 1], [4, 0]] (positions with parentheses in above matrix).

Example 2:

var test = [[3, 3, 3], [3, 1, 3], [0, 2, 4]]

  Pacific ~   ~   ~
       ~  3   3   3  *
       ~  3   1   3  *
       ~  0   2   4  *
          *   *   *  Atlantic

Analyze

• 有效出发点:
  • 存在到 Pacific 的路径;
  • 存在到 Atlantic 的路径;
• 使用「染色算法」在比当前值小的方向递归找寻

/**
 * @param {number[][]} matrix
 * @return {number[][]}
 */
var pacificAtlantic = function(matrix) {
  const result = []
  for (let m = 0; m < matrix.length; m++) {
    for (let n = 0; n < matrix[m].length; n++) {
      const usedPacific = []
      const usedAtlantic = []
      if (iterator(matrix, m, n, usedPacific, 'pacific')
        && iterator(matrix, m, n, usedAtlantic, 'atlantic')) {
        result.push([m, n])
      }
    }
  }
  return result
};

var directions = [[1, 0], [0, 1], [-1, 0], [0, -1]] // bottom、right、top、left

var iterator = function(matrix, m, n, used, tag) {
  used.push(`${m},${n}`)

  // achieve the board of matrix
  if (tag === 'pacific' ? ifReachPacific(m, n) : ifReachAtlantic(matrix, m, n)) {
    return true
  }

  for (let i = 0; i < directions.length; i++) {
    if (!isValid(matrix, m + directions[i][0], n + directions[i][1], used)) continue
    const newPoint = matrix[m + directions[i][0]][n + directions[i][1]]
    if (newPoint > matrix[m][n]) {
      continue
    }
    const nextIsValid = iterator(matrix, m + directions[i][0], n + directions[i][1], used, tag)
    if (nextIsValid) {
      return true
    }
  }
  return false
}

// judge if is valid
var isValid = (matrix, m, n, used) => {
  if (used.indexOf(`${m},${n}`) > -1 || !(matrix[m] && typeof matrix[m][n] === 'number')) return false
  return true
}

var ifReachPacific = function(m, n) {
  return m === 0 || n === 0
}

var ifReachAtlantic = function(matrix, m, n) {
  return m === matrix.length - 1 || n === matrix[0].length - 1
}

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