Binary Tree Postorder Traversal

Given a binary tree, return the postorder traversal of its nodes' values.

Example:

Input: [1,null,2,3]
1
\
2
/
3
Output: [3,2,1]

Follow up: Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?

function TreeNode(val) {
this.val = val
this.left = this.right = null
}
var tree1 = new TreeNode(1)
var tree2 = new TreeNode(2)
var tree3 = new TreeNode(3)
tree2.left = tree3
tree1.left = null
tree1.right = tree2

递归法

/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* function TreeNode(val) {
* this.val = val;
* this.left = this.right = null;
* }
*/
/**
* @param {TreeNode} root
* @return {number[]}
*/
var postorderTraversal = function(root) {
if (root) {
return [...postorderTraversal(root.left), ...postorderTraversal(root.right), root.val]
} else {
return []
}
}

颜色标记法(迭代法, 模拟系统栈)

使用颜色标记法剖析树在中序遍历下的递归操作, 思路如下:

  1. 将访问过的元素标记为灰色, 未访问过的元素标记为白色;
  2. 从栈顶取出访问元素:
    1. 若为灰色元素, 则打印之;
    2. 若为白色元素, 按照中 -> 右 -> 左的顺序推入栈, 同时将白色元素标记为灰色元素;

推荐使用颜色标记法, 它的解题思路适用于解前序、中序、后序遍历。

1
/ \
2 5
/ \
3 4

在如上所示树中, 模拟系统栈图解其执行过程如下:

gray 1
white 2
white 5
white 2
white 5
gray 2
white 3
white 4
white 5
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* function TreeNode(val) {
* this.val = val;
* this.left = this.right = null;
* }
*/
/**
* @param {TreeNode} root
* @return {number[]}
*/
var postorderTraversal = function(root) {
const printArr = []
if (!root) return printArr
const stack = []
stack.push({ color: 'white', node: root })
while (stack.length > 0) {
const { color, node } = stack.pop()
if (color === 'gray') {
printArr.push(node.val)
} else {
stack.push({ color: 'gray', node })
node.right && stack.push({ color: 'white', node: node.right })
node.left && stack.push({ color: 'white', node: node.left })
}
}
return printArr
}

Sister Title

94、144