Partial<T>

Partial<T>: 意味 T 集合的子集;

Pick<T, K>

Pick<T, K>: 相对 Partial<T>, Pick<T, K> 限制了子集中必须含有 K 定义的类型字段。

interface Todo {
  title: string;
  description: string;
  completed: boolean;
}
type TodoPreview = Pick<Todo, "title" | "completed">;
const todo: TodoPreview = {
  title: "Clean room",
  completed: false
};

Readonly<T>

Readonly<T>: T 中类型只读;

Record<K, T>

Record<K, T>: 建立 K 到 T 之间的 map 映射。

interface PageInfo {
  title: string;
}
type Page = "home" | "about" | "contact";
const x: Record<Page, PageInfo> = {
  about: { title: "about" },
  contact: { title: "contact" },
  home: { title: "home" }
};

Omit<T, K>

Omit<T, K>: 申明一个类型其在 T 类型中移除 K 中包含的属性值;

interface Todo {
  title: string;
  description: string;
  completed: boolean;
}
type TodoPreview = Omit<Todo, "description">;
const todo: TodoPreview = {
  title: "Clean room",
  completed: false
};

Exclude<T, U>

• Exclude<T, U>: 申明一个类型其在 T 类型中移除 U 中所包含的类型;
• 版本: 2.8

type T0 = Exclude<"a" | "b" | "c", "a">; // "b" | "c"
type T1 = Exclude<"a" | "b" | "c", "a" | "b">; // "c"
type T2 = Exclude<string | number | (() => void), Function>; // string | number

Extract<T, U>

• Extract<T, U> — Extract from T those types that are assignable to U.
• 版本: 2.8

NonNullable<T>

• NonNullable<T>: 申明一个类型其将 T 类型中的 null 与 undefined 移除;
• 版本: 2.8

ReturnType<T>

• ReturnType<T> — Obtain the return type of a function type.
• 版本: 2.8

InstanceType<T>

• InstanceType<T>: 申明一个由构造函数实例类型组合而成的类型;
• 版本: 2.8

class C {
  x = 0;
  y = 0;
}
type T0 = InstanceType<typeof C>; // C
type T1 = InstanceType<any>; // any
type T2 = InstanceType<never>; // any
type T3 = InstanceType<string>; // Error
type T4 = InstanceType<Function>; // Error

Link

• Utility Types